Can the electronic eye really penetrate the fog and catch the red light?

After all, Tucao is bitter and happy. Haze is not only detrimental to the health of our body, but it will also affect traffic safety. When fog and haze occur, the air quality is poor, and low visibility lines can cause traffic congestion and traffic accidents. One female driver has had trouble recently: 'I was so foggy a few days ago. I didn't see the traffic lights at the intersection. I ended up with a red light. Will it be photographed by a surveillance camera?' 'The question of whether or not the red light can be exempted from punishment is given by the traffic control department: 'The electronic eye can take a clear penalty. 'Therefore, a serious problem facing the drivers is that if they fail to see the traffic light because of the haze of the fog, they will be in violation of the law. Can the electronic eye penetrate the fog and catch the illegal one? From the 'electron eye' itself, the haze performance was analyzed.

First, the definition and type of fog technology

In recent years, haze weather has spread in different regions of the country, and the air pollution index has continued to climb. Outdoor visibility under a vast range of haze has greatly diminished, and the reduction in visibility has also brought great challenges to urban security. The light reflected by the surface of the object in the foggy weather will be affected by the suspended particles of air during the process of reaching the imaging device, so that the device cannot obtain a clear picture. Facing this extreme weather, in order to obtain clearer monitoring results, camera fogging technology came into being and continues to develop.

Camera fogging technology, also known as video image anti-reflection technology, refers to blurring the image resulting from fog, water vapor, dust, etc., highlighting the part of interest in the image, making the quality of the image improved, and the amount of information obtained. Enhanced process.

Permeation fog is different from simple defogging technology. It needs to be combined with each other by means of optics, algorithms, etc., and an image auto-adjustment algorithm based on the image impurity concentration is used to realize the colorimetric compensation of the image, thereby obtaining a clearer image close to the real scene.

The fogging technology mainly has the following types:

1, optical fog

In the spectrum, infrared light is invisible light, and the wavelength is between microwave and visible light. Infrared can be divided into three parts, namely near-infrared, wavelength 0.78 ~ 2.50m; middle infrared, wavelength 2.50 ~ 25m; far infrared, wavelength 25 ~ l000m.

The light in different wavelength bands exhibits different spectral characteristics due to different wavelengths. The implementation of the fogging function is based on near-infrared spectroscopy. NIR can also be divided into near-infrared shortwave and near-infrared longwave. Near-infrared light is less affected by aerosols during propagation, and can penetrate certain concentrations of haze so as to realize accurate and fast focusing. This is the basis for optical fogging. When there are clouds and smoke and dust, the general visible light can not penetrate, the principle of using near-infrared light can be used to diffract tiny particles, and in the fog and haze weather using near-infrared filter, coating technology and electronic image enhancement technology, algorithm processing can enhance far Distance monitor image effect.

The key to optical fogging is the lens and filter. The fog-imaging device requires three elements: a lens with chromatic aberration compensation, a CCD with high near-infrared sensitivity, and an image processor with black level adjustment. Through the lens to intercept the specific near-infrared band light, accurate focus imaging. In general camera lenses, the center wavelength of the transmitted spectrum is between 500 and 600 MM, and in order to ensure high transmittance in the visible and near-infrared bands, the color difference is corrected during the switching of the two bands to ensure switching. There is no need to adjust the focal length. The center wavelength of the lens transmission spectrum of the fog camera must be between 780 and 900 MM. Therefore, many fog lens uses a multi-layer coating technology, so that the transmission rate of 500 ~ 900MM band reaches more than 80%, and ultimately achieve the effect of the fog, this type of fog is commonly known as physical fog.

2, the algorithm through the fog

The concept of the fogging of the camera entered China as early as in 2007, but the high cost and complicated technology have deterred many security companies. After more than ten years of development and accumulation of professional technologies, the fogging technology has made great breakthroughs. To achieve better fogging effects, we must rely on electron fogging algorithm processing so that we can stand out in the application. At present, there are several types of algorithm fogging in the industry:

The first is based on the FPGA imaging method and the histogram equalization algorithm through fog. It uses the combination of near-infrared band imaging and video image processing techniques to improve the image quality for fog degradation. In addition, the clarity of the picture can be improved by improving the complexity of the algorithm.

The second is the Retinex algorithm, the video enhancement algorithm. It linearly stretches the corrected gray value of the pixel to obtain an enhanced image. The algorithm has features such as sharpening, color constancy, large dynamic range compression, high color fidelity, and low processing delay.

The third type is the video signal processor (LSP) algorithm fogging. This technical requirement requires that the fog-mist equipment must have the 3A functions of 'auto exposure (AE)', 'auto white balance (AWB)', and 'autofocus (AF)', which are suitable for applications that are directly embedded in the camera.

3, photoelectric fog

Optical penetrating fog uses near-infrared waveband light that can pass through the fog to image, but it can only get black-and-white monitor screens. Opto-electronic fogging technology combines optical fogging and algorithm fogging with two kinds of fogging functions to integrate the movements. Through the embedded FPGA chip and ISP / DSP operation processing to achieve color picture output. On the one hand, the fogging technology can distinguish between distant scenes, close shots, fog and other factors. Selecting the fog level can achieve the best regional effect, which is different from the overall improvement of the picture contrast in the past without delay. On the other hand, the high-speed operation of the chip will produce noise points, and the effect is particularly prominent when the nighttime illumination is insufficient. Therefore, the CCD sensor and the large aperture lens are generally required for the integrated movement to achieve a good low-light effect.

4, fake fog

Dummy fog through artificial adjustment of contrast, sharpness, saturation, brightness and other values, or do some filter switching device, so that the image highlights, thereby improving the subjective visual effects. In the fog and haze environment, when switching to the infrared sensing mode at night, you can see a certain effect of the image, but the lens can not focus on the scene again, and therefore can not meet the visual experience. Non-transparent camera can achieve a certain degree of 'transmide', but the fog effect is very limited.

Second, the function of fog monitoring camera

The birth of the fog camera not only solves the problem of extreme weather monitoring, but also opens the gap for all-weather cameras, enabling all-weather high-definition monitoring regardless of the environment. The wide dynamic night vision enhancement function incorporated in the fog camera, in fact, the night lighting conditions are far more complex than the daytime, strengthen the DSP at night monitoring; fog camera also uses night vision enhancement to enhance the monitoring effect, plus intelligence Edge sharpening intelligent video signal processing technology, automatic adjustment of color contrast and highlights, this is the common surveillance camera can not take into account. All in all, the fog camera not only retains the original monitoring skills, but also combines the wide dynamic and night-vision infrared functions, and then equipped with intelligent video signal processing technology to perfectly combine the three major functions.

At present, many security companies have introduced fog-mist cameras. Although the market application needs are not the same, the overall structure and functions are almost the same. With the increasing demand for high-definition cameras, it is also necessary to implement high-definition monitoring of fog-imaging cameras. In general, the fog camera adopts a super-sensitivity sensor such as 1/2′′SONYExwaveHadII generation or 1/3′′SONYSuperHadII generation CCD, so that the black and white infrared mode is clearly imaged, and the necessary filter can effectively guarantee the nighttime super High-sensitivity infrared absorption capability, automatic light adjustment, and contour correction make imaging more clear.

The components of the fog-mist camera can effectively achieve a clear perspective effect in fog and haze weather, and can achieve high-distance shooting at a relatively long distance.

The focus of high-definition shooting is of course the camera's core components. High-sensitivity low-light CCDs can automatically switch between low-light and near-infrared modes depending on the environment. At the same time, the CCD employs special image processing technology to be used in fog and haze. Can improve the visibility of 3 times, superior fogging ability, improve the poor monitoring effect of foggy days and can not achieve the embarrassing situation of high-definition effects.

Third, can the 'electronic eye' completely penetrate the smog?

Let us first talk about the problem of obscuring the traffic lights.

First of all, from the traffic light itself, why set the red light to stop signal, because the red light is the longest wavelength, the least likely to be scattered, so the red penetration is strongest, even in the yellow and green light is not easy to distinguish Under the circumstances, the red light is also very obvious.

Secondly, in terms of the severity of smog, the distance between the traffic lights at the intersection is at most ten meters. If the fog is so severe that visibility is only a few meters, it is still an excuse not to see the red light, but the recent haze days The visibility is not so low. The intersection lights are in the visible range. Therefore, using such haze weather as an excuse to run a red light is not valid.

Then can the intersection's 'Eye Eye' completely penetrate the fog and photograph the offender?

The staff of the traffic control department stated that the surveillance camera will automatically adjust according to the weather and brightness, and automatically start the night mode when fog visibility is low. Although the clarity of fog shooting is not as good as a sunny day, it does not affect punishment. It also said that if there is really a fog weather with a visibility of only a few meters, it is estimated that the surveillance cameras cannot clearly capture valid illegal photos.

A video surveillance technology expert said that safety monitoring equipment that can work normally in heavy fog has not yet been invented. Existing technologies such as infrared imaging help the camera 'see through' to a certain degree of fog or smoke, but heavy smog is another matter. The amount of suspended particles in the smog is excessive and very 'ceramic', effectively blocking the light like a brick wall. According to experience, if the visibility is reduced to less than 3 meters, the best camera can not shoot more than ten meters away.

All in all, at present, this kind of hazy weather, the 'electronic eye' can still grab the people who want to take the opportunity to take the red light. It was easy to trigger a traffic accident when the fog and haze went out. Drivers were careful, but they couldn't be lucky.

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