At the end of August this year, Anhui Provincial Bureau of Cultural Relics and History Department of Wuhan University carried out archaeological excavations on the ruins of Taijia Temple in Funan County. A large number of valuable cultural relics and animal and plant specimens were unearthed.

It was initially determined that the ruins of Taiwan’s Taiji Temple were dominated by Shang and Zhou relics, and there were a few of the Longshan cultural relics at the lower levels. According to archaeological surveys, the ancients built a house on top of a pile of naturally formed plutonium on the plains and built a kiln making tool. In the vicinity of the plutonium pile, ancient rivers often flow through, and the ancients have realized drowning.

The connotation of the initial site is mainly based on Shang and Zhou culture

The Taiji Temple Site is located on the northern bank of the Runhe Old Road in Luannan County. In 2012, the site was listed as a provincial heritage conservation unit.

Previously, according to information provided by the cultural relics department, the Taijiasi site is an irregularly shaped platform with a maximum length of about 180 meters from north to south and about 170 meters from east to west, about 6 meters above the ground. According to estimates, the existing area is about one. Thousands of square meters, the culture is about 12 meters thick. There is a modern temple on the site, which is called Taiji Temple.

The site of Taijiasi is well preserved and there are fewer cross sections available. However, the artificial cultivation of land and water and soil erosion caused various degrees of damage to the site. Archeologists have collected specimens of stone axe, pottery, oyster shells, and animal bones on the surface and sections of the site.

In 1957, Zhuzhai Town villagers brought eight bronze wares to the Xiaorun River. The most famous one was the “Dragon Tiger Statue” and now houses the National Museum of China. The land for the eight bronze wares is only 200 meters away from the ruins of the Taiji Temple.

Liu Jiansheng, director of the Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics, told the Luzhou Evening News reporter that through the archaeological excavation of the ruins of the Taijia Temple, it was initially determined that the ruins of the Taiji Temple were mainly Shang and Zhou cultural relics, and that there were a small number of Longshan cultural relics at the lower levels. A large number of valuable cultural relics and animal and plant specimens were unearthed from the site, which provided valuable information for the study of the relationship between Huai Yi and Shang-Shang culture during the Shang and Zhou dynasties.

3000 years ago there was rice and millet cultivation in Fuyang

At the site of archaeological excavation at the ruins of the Taiji Temple, a series of explorations were arranged in order. Archaeologists found pottery pieces, antlers, horns, bones, turtles, fish bones, stone knives, and stone rakes on the site. There are also rice and millet that have been carbonized. The seeds of these grains are one of the ancient foods. This shows that 3,000 years ago, rice and millet were planted in the Fuyang area, and wheat planting was not yet introduced.

According to reports, Shang metal material is scarce, and many tools are made of bones or horns, which also solves the mystery of antlers. The horns made with antler are sharp and sharp, as made of steel, which shows that the ancients are very skilled in the production process.

The archeologists also showed the reporters of the Luzhou Evening News about a cut antler, leaving many gaps in the remnants that were not cut. Archaeologists said that these crevices were left by the ancients when they were cut with thin lines and dredges. At that time, saws had not yet been invented. Line cutting was a form of cutting.

Among the unearthed items, stone knives and stone sarcophagus served as household utensils and attracted everyone's attention. The stone knife made of stone has a thin blade. Although it slept for more than 3,000 years in the ground, it is still sharp.

During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, there was a large number of deer breeding animals in Fuyang.

Before this, the Xiangyang cultural relics workers discovered the antlers unearthed in many places in Fuyang, but it was not clear what the purpose of the antlers was. The archaeological excavation of the ruins of Taiji Temple revealed many horned owls, namely arrows made from antler.

Yang Yubin, deputy director of Xiangyang Museum, said that there were more antlers found in the prehistoric to Shang and Zhou period in the past in Xiangyang, such as Taihe Niqiu Site, Huijiao Temple Site, Linquan Laoqiu Site, and Leiyang Luquan Site. There are found in the Huangshangdun Site.

Due to the limited knowledge and experience of field archeological excavations, it is not known what the ancients used to store these antler. In the ruins of Shang and Zhou in Fuyang, there are also a large number of artifacts such as bone arrows and bone needles, but it is not known what the bones of these animals are.

“Looking at the antlers unearthed from the Taiji Temple and the semi-finished bone arrows processed with the antlers, we can understand the use of the above antler and the reasons why the ancients collected and saved the antler. Originally they were hard, wear-resistant, easy to cut and processed, and were used to make bones and other bones. Excellent material." Yang Yubin said.

The elk mainly live in the wetland environment of the marsh and feed on aquatic vegetation. The discovery of a large number of antlers in Shang and Zhou sites indicates that there were many such animals and they were widely distributed. At that time, they were an important target for human hunting and also explained the territory of Xiangyang in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. The climate is warm and humid, there are abundant plants, and lakes and wetlands are vast. It is suitable for the growth and reproduction of animals such as elk.

Runhe cuts off the site

“The Run River and its tributary Xiaorun River in Xiangyang are famous rivers in ancient times. The river basin spans Linquan, Weinan, Zhangzhou, and Fushangsi (county). It is actually the ancient rich water (Valley Water Tour). An important tributary, "said Yang Yubin, deputy director of Xiangyang Museum.

Zhu Dean, director of the Comprehensive Management Office of Zhuzhai Town, Junan County, said that before the 1970s, the Run River had a curved, continuous “S” shape, which caused poor flood discharge and was unfavorable for shipping. Until the late 1970s, Junan County took control of the Runhe River to straighten curved rivers.

When the Runhe flows through the three townships of Zhuzhai, Jiaozuo and Zhangzhai, the river is abnormally curved, and a large section of cuts and straightening is required. According to the plan of the water conservancy department, in the current Dachaopu administrative village of Zhangzhai Town, Xiaowan Natural Village North, after cutting a big bend, and then continuing to the southeast, the "Crescent River" section that was once excavated by Longhu was cut. straight line. "Yueyahe" section of the river bends, there are a number of "S"-shaped bends, to become the focus of the cut straight river.

After the local cadres and people learned of the plan for the water conservancy department, they immediately reported to the Minnan county committee that there is a high terrace called Taijiasi on the edge of the “Yaga River”, which may be an ancient site and it is recommended that the new riverway avoid this area. . Tongnan County attached great importance to this situation and arranged for the water conservancy departments to re-plan the course of the river and avoid the Taiji Temple. The ruins of Taijia Temple were protected.

A few days ago, a reporter from the Luzhou Evening News observed at the site of the excavation of the site of the Taiji Temple. About two or three hundred meters south of the Taiji Temple, it was the new river channel after the Runhe cut straight, and the “Crescent River” was well preserved. Through the satellite map, you can clearly see the "S" bends of the "Yagi River" of the Runhe Old Road.

At present, archaeological excavations at the site of the Taiji Temple are underway. Unearthed cultural relics need further research and demonstration. With the in-depth study of the ruins of the Taiji Temple, the living scene and economic and social level of the Xiangyang ancestors were expected to be further understood three thousand years ago.

Extended reading

At present, the Shang and Zhou bronze ware found in Xiangyang are often unearthed along the coast of the Gurun River. The most famous ones are the bronze gongs of the Shang Dynasty unearthed in Runhe Bay, Zhuhai, Southern Hebei Province in 1944, and the unearthed merchants of Runhe Bay in Zhuhai, southern Fujian in 1947. On behalf of the bronze tripod, 鬲 鬲 鬲 1957 阜 朱 Zhuhai Run River Bay unearthed merchant dynasty bronze statue, 斝, 觚, 爵, and so on.

Yang Yubin believes that although the Shuyang area at the time of Shang and Zhou Dynasties did not belong to the center of the Central Plains dynasty's domination and operation, it is located in the center of the Central Plains and leads to the southeast Huai watershed. It is the Central Plains, Zhou, and Huai. The positions of outposts that were repeatedly fought over by the forces of the barbarians, and therefore the location of the region is very important. From the time the Shang Dynasty reached Wuding, it reached its peak. Later, in order to demonstrate Wang Quanwuwei and plundered the copper resources in the southern region, it continued to levy the Huaiyi ethnic group in the south and dispatched armed forces to Huaiyu to colonize. The merchants' signing of “people”, “tiger”, “forest”, “cocoon”, “party”, etc. recorded by Yin Shang’s inscriptions on the bones of the Shang Dynasty reflect this historical fact.

The Western Zhou dynasties competed for the so-called “Nanjin” and “Jinjin” resources in the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River Basin, and rare and special products such as “Yuangui”, “ivory”, “rhino”, “Fengyu” and “Iris”. The war of “Huai Yi” and “Southeast razor” was launched, and the Shang and Zhou ethnic groups’ troops entered the Huai domain along the “Xiang corridor,” and they must first occupy and oversee the outpost of the “Runshui” coast to ensure The wartime and post-war copper transport routes were unimpeded.

“A large number of Shang and Zhou bronze artifacts remain on the banks of the ancient Runyang River in Liyang, which should be related to the background of the military activities of the Central Plains quotient and Zhou Wang’s forces in this region during the period of colonization,” said Yang Yubin.

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