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Analysis of transmission scheme for 5-speed automatic transmission of car Li Xinghua, Zhang Qingsong, Zhang Jiulin (School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092). According to the basic requirements of the transmission, the characteristics of the various schemes of the 5-speed transmission are analyzed. A parallel 5-speed transmission transmission scheme with an intermediate point of the equivalent lever as the output point and basically combining the number of components with three clutches and three brakes is proposed. By selecting the appropriate planetary row connection method and characteristic coefficient value, the speed ratio requirement of the 5-speed transmission can be realized. Three speed ratio values ​​can be freely selected, and only one coupling element and one coupling element need to be separated when shifting.
The automatic transmission is one of the important equipments of modern cars. It can greatly reduce the driver's labor intensity and improve the driving safety of the vehicle. Compared with the manual transmission, the automatic transmission has a complicated structure and low transmission efficiency. However, the design of the past ten years shows that there is almost no difference in fuel economy between the automatic transmission and the manual transmission when the transmission gear of the planetary gear train in the transmission, the torque converter lockout, the hydraulic system energy saving and the matching of the power transmission system are optimized. . Therefore, the number of gears in the transmission system of modern cars has increased, and has now reached 5 gears.
The basic requirements for the transmission scheme of the 5-speed automatic transmission of the car are as follows: () Transmission ratio requirements. It has 1 reverse gear, 1 overspeed gear, 1 direct gear and 3 gears. And the speed ratio interval must meet certain requirements. In order to match the engine of different models, it is best to adjust the transmission ratio.
Since the three-degree-of-freedom dual planetary platoon planetary mechanism is difficult to realize five forward gears, the transmission scheme of the 5-speed transmission usually adopts a three-row planetary gear mechanism. According to the basic requirements of the 5-speed automatic transmission transmission scheme, the equivalent lever method is used to analyze the transmission scheme of the 5-speed automatic transmission in the world. The current 5-speed automatic transmission transmission scheme has two types: series and parallel.
1 series 5-speed planetary gear transmission solution considers the simple design and manufacturing process, retains the original transmission structure, and adds a planetary row in front or behind to form a series transmission, thus making the original three free The transmission becomes a four-degree-of-freedom transmission to add a reduction gear, that is, from 3rd to 4th or from 4th to 5th.
1.1 Adding a planetary row in front of the original transmission to form a transmission scheme I Toyota A350E 5-speed automatic transmission transmission scheme as shown. In the figure: C, C1, C2 are clutches; B, B1, B2 are brakes; jPjR / (=0, 1, 2) are the sun gear, planet carrier and ring gear of the planetary row j; i is the input member ;o is the output component. Using the equivalent lever method analysis, the transmission gears of the transmission can be obtained, for example, the following formulas: 1, 2..., 5, R) are the gear ratios of the respective gears.
The Toyota A350E A350E transmission gear changes are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 A350E transmission gear change situation gear combined with component state front planetary mechanism rear planetary mechanism lockdown deceleration lock deceleration speed increase deceleration lock deceleration lock speed increase lock Note: The table shows that the joint element is engaged. Table 23 is the same.
It can be seen from Table 1 that the transmission of the transmission transmission part (the planetary transmission and the coupling element) is unchanged on the basis of the original 4-speed transmission A340E, and only the shifting operation is changed, that is, the first gear of the original 4-speed transmission A340E and Add a new gear ratio between the 2nd gear.
3rd gear, the front planetary mechanism speed ratio is constant, both are locked 1), that is, the shift between 1st and 3rd gears is realized by the shifting of the rear planetary mechanism, and the shift between the 3rd and 4th gears passes through the front planet. The mechanism shifts to achieve. This ensures that adjacent gear shifting requires only one coupling element to be engaged and one coupling element to be separated.
For the A350E5-speed transmission, shifting between 1st and 2nd gears is achieved by shifting the front planetary mechanism, while shifting between 2nd and 3rd gears requires simultaneous shifting of the front and rear planetary mechanisms. In this way, the front and rear planetary mechanisms each need to separate one coupling element and one coupling component, and it is necessary to separate two coupling components and join two coupling components to realize shifting. This makes the shifting control system complicated, difficult to control, and it is difficult to achieve the ideal lap control and smooth shift control of the combined components when shifting. In addition, the scheme is limited in the selection of the speed ratio and the selection of the interval ratio of the adjacent gears. The transmission and the various launches 0, 1, and 23) are the characteristic coefficients of the planetary row/i, respectively. =1, 2..., 5, R) are the gear ratios of the respective gears.
The front planetary row (2 speed) and the rear planetary mechanism (4 front and rear with 3 reduction gears), the front planetary row and the rear planetary mechanism of the A650E transmission cooperate to achieve the respective speed ratios as shown in Table 2.
Machine matching, it is difficult to use on a variety of models.
Although Toyota has claimed to solve this control problem, it is not ideal.
The Toyota A650E5 automatic transmission transmission side is the sun gear, the planet carrier and the ring gear of the planetary row j; it is an input member; Is the output component. Then the gears of the gears are as follows: i1 by the lever diagram and the transmission diagram can be seen, the scheme is shown in Table 2 A650E transmission gear change situation gear combination element state front planetary mechanism rear planetary mechanism A650E rear planetary mechanism CC1CRB0B1/RB 2B3RR blocking deceleration 11 blocking deceleration 22 blocking deceleration 33 blocking deceleration 44 blocking locking 5 speed increasing locking Nissan RE5R01A5 automatic transmission scheme as shown in Fig. 0, 1, 2) are the planetary row / sun gear, planet carrier and ring gear; i is an input member; Is the output component. Then the gears of the transmission are as follows: the R gear and the 1st to 4th gears of the transmission are realized by the rear planetary gear shifting, the front planetary gears are in the locked state, and only the shift between the 4th and the 5th gear is caused by The front planetary gear shift is achieved. Seen from the whole transmission situation, although there are two shifting mechanisms before and after, one of them is in the direct transmission of the lock. In the fourth gear, the two planetary mechanisms are in the direct lock transmission state, so the transmission efficiency is high.
An important advantage of this solution is that to change the overspeed speed ratio, simply change the front planetary row characteristic coefficient K. For cars, the highest gear ratio is important, which affects traction and fuel economy during mid-high speed driving.
According to the lever diagram and the transmission diagram, the scheme is based on the original 4-speed transmission RE4R01A, which is composed of a planetary row in the rear. The components of the original planetary mechanism and the rear planetary row that make up the transmission are shown in Table 3. Shown.
To change the head gear ratio, it is only necessary to change the characteristic coefficient K3 of the third planetary row of the rear planetary mechanism. The head gear ratio has an effect on the starting acceleration performance and the low speed traction of the car. The program can choose the speed ratio more freely, making the speed ratio selection more reasonable. Compared with the A350E, the speed ratio range is enlarged, the speed ratio interval is reduced, and the smooth shifting feeling is improved. It can be applied to various models and can be matched with different engines.
The disadvantage is that the number of rows of planets is large and the structure is complicated.
1. After the original transmission, adding a planetary row consisting of two pairs of planetary gears can realize two gear reductions. To achieve the third gear reduction, it is necessary to add a planetary row. Therefore, shifting between 1st and 4th gears is achieved by shifting the original planetary mechanism, thus ensuring that all adjacent gear shifts require only one coupling element to be separated and one coupling element to be engaged.
It should be noted that the fourth gear of the transmission is a direct gear, but the two planetary mechanisms of the transmission are not locked, the original planetary mechanism is increasing speed, and the planetary row is decelerated, and the speed ratio is approximately 1 (Ki Ping transmission efficiency is not high) .
Gears combined with component state original planetary mechanism plus planetary row deceleration blocking deceleration speed increase deceleration speed increase lock 2 parallel 5-speed planetary gear transmission scheme is similar to double planetary row analysis. China Mechanical Engineering 200213 (20) 1727. Li Xinghua, He Guoqi. The equivalent lever method analyzes the planetary gear transmission. Mechanical Design, 200421 (1): 44. (Editor: Qu Junyan)