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[ Instrument R&D of instrumentation network ] An international cooperation team composed of researchers from the Purple Mountain Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan Institute of Physics and Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, and other institutions observed the high-energy stereo telescope system (HESS) from the Milky Way. The high-energy gamma photons with a center energy of about 1 TeV (1012 electron volts) or above make theoretical explanations, and explain the high-energy gamma-ray telescopes (such as the Cherenkov telescope array CTA, high-altitude cosmic ray detector LHAASO) and neutrinos Probes (such as IceCube at the Antarctic Ice Cube Neutrino Observatory) make predictions about the detection of the star-forming region and the galaxy region in the Milky Way. This work was published in The Astrophysical Journal.
HESS observed high-energy gamma photons with energy higher than about 10 TeV from the silver core, and its radiation was coordinated with the distribution of molecular clouds near the silver core, suggesting that there might be a PeV (1015 electron volt) cosmic ray accelerator (PeVatron) near the silver core . The team put forward the hypothesis that the hypernova (Hypernova) formed in the past at the center of the silver is a possible accelerator. Its explosion energy and jet velocity are much higher than ordinary supernova, and the resulting supernova remnants can accelerate cosmic ray protons to energy higher than 1PeV. The accelerated high-energy cosmic rays are injected into the intergalactic medium around the Central Molecular Zone and the galactic region, propagate and react with them, and generate high-energy gamma photons and neutrinos.
He Haoning, an associate researcher at the Purple Mountain Observatory, first used fluid dynamics numerical simulation combined with nonlinear dispersion shock waves to accelerate the evolution of the ultra-supernova remnants for more than 1,000 years, and obtained the evolutionary energy spectrum of the high-energy cosmic rays injected into the center of the Milky Way; estimated The ultra-nova remnants of high-energy cosmic rays injected into the galaxy region diffused in the galaxy region, and then the gamma-ray and neutrino radiation intensity generated by the reaction with the galaxy region molecular cloud and intergalactic medium were calculated. This model explains the gamma-ray radiation observed by HESS with an energy above about 1 TeV. Future high-energy gamma-ray telescope CTA telescope South Station 50-hour exposure observation can limit this model. At present, the 1/2 array of the High Altitude Cosmic Ray Observatory (LHAASO) is in operation. The work predicts that one month after the LHAASO is fully completed, high-energy gamma photons from the direction of the silver center may be observed or the model may be restricted.
The cooperative team calculated the number of neutrinos from the direction of Yinxin that could be observed after the integration of Ice Cube for ten years, and predicted the neutrino distribution template in the direction of Yinxin, which can help Ice Cube to more effectively distinguish the neutrinos from Yinxin. Neutrino signal. The work also predicts that a high energy initiation event (HESE) can be detected within the ice cube detection time of about 7-20 years, which is consistent with the observation. At present, although Ice Cube reported a high-energy initiation event (HESE) 1.2 degrees away from the center of the silver based on 6 years of observation, the reconstruction angle of this cascading event is very uncertain, so it is still impossible to claim that it has been found. Neutrino source in the direction of the silver center.