The name of kaolinite comes from Gaoling (mountain name) in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China. Because of its excellent kaolinite quality, it has a long-standing reputation at home and abroad. [Chemical composition] There are often a small amount of Mg, Fe, Cr, Cu, etc. instead of Al in the octahedral coordination. The amount of Al, Fe 3+ and Si is usually very low. Alkali and alkaline earth metal elements was mostly mechanical mixing. [Crystal structure] Common polytype is 1Tc type, triclinic system; [Form] Most of them are cryptocrystalline dense block or soil aggregates. Under the electron microscope, it is a pseudo-hexagonal plate-shaped, semi-self-shaped or his shape-like crystal parallel to (001). The aggregate is scaly, usually having a scale size of 0.2-5 μm and a thickness of 0.05-2 μm. The 2M type 1 kaolinite scale with high crystal order can reach 0.1-0.5μm, and the 2M 2 type scale with high crystal order can reach 5mm. [Physical properties] Pure white, due to impurities can be dyed into different shades of yellow, brown, red, green, blue and other colors; dense blocks are earthy luster or waxy luster. {001} is extremely cleavable. Hardness 2.0 to 3.5. The relative density is 2.60 to 263. The soil-like block has a rough feel, absorbs water when dry (adhesive tongue), and has a plasticity in the wet state, but does not expand. Poor cation exchange performance can only cause micro-exchange by breaking bonds at the edge of the particles. [genesis and occurrence] Kaolinite is one of the most widely distributed and most important components of clay minerals. Is mainly composed of an aluminosilicate-rich igneous and metamorphic rocks, in the environment in acid medium, is subjected to weathering or epithermal account changes in the product. Such as potassium feldspar weathering and angiogenesis available kaolinite reaction formula as follows: 4K [AlSi 3 O 8] + H 2 O + 2CO 2 → Al 4 [Si 4 O 10] (OH) 8 + 8SiO 2 + 2K 2 CO 3 [Identification characteristics] The dense soil-like block is easy to be crushed into powder by hand, and the tongue is glued. After burning, it reacts with cobalt nitrate to form an Al reaction (blue). It can also be accurately identified based on the differential thermal curve and the thermal weight loss curve. [Main use] Kaolinite has been used in the ceramic industry since ancient times. It is the most basic raw material for ceramic products. It is mainly used for its plasticity (easy to shape in ceramic bodies) and sinterability (easy during heating) The melt produces a liquid phase filled in the voids of the unmelted particles to make the porosity lower and dense, hard, high temperature resistance, and is white and other properties. In addition, it is widely used in industries such as electrical appliances, building materials, daily necessities, rubber, and paper. The particle size of kaolinite has a great influence on its process performance. The finer the particle size, the better the plasticity and the easier it is to sinter. For first-coated kaolinite clays for paper coating, high gloss paints, inks, specialty ceramics and rubbers, the fraction with a particle size of less than 2 μm should not be less than 80%.
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a 0 = 0.154 nm, b 0 = 0.893 nm, c 0 = 0.737 nm; α = 91 ° 48', β = 104 ° 42', γ = 90 °; Z = 1. The structure is of the TO type and the octahedron type. There are no cations or water molecules in the interlayer domain, and hydrogen bonding (O-OH = 0.289 nm) enhances the bonding between the structural layers. In the actual kaolinite structure, the size of the octahedral sheet (a 0 =0.506 nm, b 0 =0.862 nm) and the [SiO 4 ] tetrahedral sheet (a 0 = 0.514 nm, b 0 =0.893 nm) is incomplete. The same, therefore, the tetrahedron in the four-sided sheet must undergo slight relative rotation and warping to be compatible with the octahedral sheet. 
Al 4 [Si 4 O 10 ](OH) 8