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The rise in international grain prices warns that excessive use of corn has pointed out that the recent increase in food prices in the international market has led to the development of the corn ethanol industry in some countries, such as the United States, in addition to food production cuts, leading to an increase in the gap between the production and demand of corn. The Chinese government has paid great attention to this.
At the symposium on the 9th, the reporter learned that corn prices have risen by 420 yuan per ton in some of China's main corn producing areas this year. According to analysis by relevant persons from the National Development and Reform Commission, this is due to the fact that after the reform of the grain circulation system, farmers’ surplus grain could be freely traded according to market prices. On the other hand, with the rapid expansion of the production capacity of the corn deep-processing industry, the growth rate has exceeded the growth level of corn production, which has also objectively stimulated the increase in corn prices.
It is reported that in 2006, China's corn production was 145 million tons and fuel ethanol production was 1.32 million tons. Among them, the three fuel ethanol producers that use corn as raw materials actually consumed 2.72 million tons of corn, which accounted for 2% of the total output. According to the Xinhua News Agency's previous report, the fuel ethanol project was enthusiastic in some local areas some time ago, and the intention-building capacity proposed by the names of biofuel ethanol has exceeded 10 million tons.
On June 7, this year, the State Council executive meeting reviewed and approved in principle the "Long-Term Development Plan for Renewable Energy." It pointed out that the development of renewable energy "can not occupy arable land, can not consume large amounts of food, can not damage the ecological environment." Experts believe that this "three no" principle further indicates the direction of the future development of fuel ethanol. Biofuel ethanol production as a national strategic initiative, will adhere to the "local conditions, non-grain-based" during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, focusing on supporting the development of non-food industries such as potato, sweet sorghum and fiber resources.
A government official at the seminar revealed that in the future it is possible to no longer approve new projects except for the existing four companies that use food to produce ethanol. Including the existing four, it will also gradually be transferred to non-food. "One thing is clear: Non-food is the main priority, and non-grain alternatives are being developed."
Experts draw a “non-food†roadmap to rely on non-food materials to develop fuel ethanol. Some experts believe that in the near-to-middle period, mainly potato and sweet sorghum crops will be used as raw materials to achieve commercial production. The direction of long-term development is cellulosic ethanol. This is the most ideal material, but it has not yet been completely resolved in terms of technical problems and there is still some distance from commercial production.
COFCO has built a fuel ethanol production base in Guangxi with cassava as raw material, with a production capacity of 200,000 tons. It is expected to obtain a production license before the beginning of next year and become the first producer of cassava fuel ethanol. Dr. Li Shizhong from Tsinghua University introduced that, for potatoes, it is mainly to improve technology and solve sewage treatment methods. In addition, there is a need to increase production and use of wasteland in planting. At present, there are about 10 million tons of potato production potential in China. In the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, it can form a fuel ethanol supply capacity of 2 million tons.
As for sweet sorghum, the crop is resistant to drought and can grow on saline and alkaline lands. There are 143 million acres of saline-alkali land in the 13 northern provinces and regions, and the planting potential is relatively large. The production potential can reach 20 million tons. It is understood that the sweet sorghum high-quality varieties used for the production of fuel ethanol included in the National 863 Plan have been successfully developed at the beginning of this year.
China has been using food and sorghum brewing technology since ancient times, but the technology for entering large-scale industrial production is still not perfect. COFCO and Guangxi Light Industry Research Institute cooperated to carry out the sweet sorghum liquid fermentation experiment and adopt similar sugar cane molasses fermentation to produce ethanol. In addition, COFCO cooperated with Tsinghua University and Wuyuan County Government of Inner Mongolia to conduct solid-state fermentation fuel ethanol experiment. There are still several ways to compare.
According to the principle of "no consumption of land," experts believe that potatoes and sweet sorghum are still only transitional products of fuel ethanol. In the long run, they still rely on agricultural waste, that is, cellulose such as straw to produce fuel ethanol.
Cellulose Ethanol R&D Levels Enter the World's Top List Corn Stalks, Sawdust and Other Agricultural Wastes Production of Cellulose Fuels Ethanol is known as the second-generation fuel ethanol technology and is still a worldwide problem. The key lies in the technology of enzymes and how to reduce production. cost. Some people even said: "Anyone who has mastered cellulosic ethanol production technology will be able to occupy the commanding height in the biofuel ethanol industry in the future."
The reporter learned from the Ministry of Science and Technology that significant achievements have been made in the major project of the National 863 Program, "Cellulosic Waste Ethanol Production Technology." This project aims to develop a process for producing liquid fuels from biomass waste with independent intellectual property rights, and conducts engineering and supporting research. A demonstration project to produce fuel ethanol from cellulose waste as raw materials was completed, reaching an annual production capacity of 600 tons of ethanol.
On the other hand, since last year, COFCO and the world's largest enzyme company: Novozymes of Denmark invested and set up factories in Heilongjiang to jointly carry out industrial trials of fuel ethanol production from corn stover. Li Sige, president of Novozymes, said that cellulosic ethanol is currently Novozymes’ largest R&D project, and its R&D center is located in China. However, more than 100 R&D personnel from the company's global laboratories are serving this project. Novozymes has developed a new enzyme preparation that breaks down cellulose from plants into fermentable sugars and further converts them into ethanol. The large-scale industrial application will bring about fundamental changes in raw materials for fuel ethanol production and conversion technologies.
The relevant person in charge of the COFCO Group stated that COFCO and Novozymes have signed a three-year contract and invested 50 million yuan in Heilongjiang. It is expected that the 10,000-ton-class cellulose industry demonstration unit will be launched this year. From the current pilot test situation, there is still much room for improvement in terms of water consumption, energy consumption, and steam consumption.
Li Shige revealed that cellulosic ethanol is expected to be commercially produced within three to five years. "If it can be successfully implemented, it will be the world's first manufacturer of cellulosic ethanol." He believes that this goal is entirely possible, because "Compared to the US competitors, China has abundant resources and labor for agricultural residues." Resources."
Due to concerns about food prices and security, China will focus on the development of non-food fuel ethanol under the principle of not occupying arable land, consuming large amounts of food, and destroying the ecological environment. This is the information that the reporter obtained on the 9th "China Biofuels Ethanol Industrialization Development Strategy Seminar."