Researchers at the Israel Institute of Technology have developed a new method for generating electric fields in quantum dots, which is more suitable for making energy-efficient nanocrystalline solar cells. In a report released by Nature Materials on October 9, Professor Nir Tessler of the Israel Institute of Technology and colleagues described how they adjusted the electrical properties of quantum dots and then tested their performance in a solar cell model. Quantum dots are semiconductor nanoparticles of very small size, so based on quantum mechanical considerations, the electron energy that can exist in quantum dots is very limited. The energy level determined by the size of the quantum dots in turn determines the energy gap. By controlling the quantum dot size, the gap width can be easily adjusted without changing the material or fabrication process. Quantum dot solar cells are an emerging area of ​​solar cell research that uses quantum dots as photovoltaic materials rather than silicon, CIGS or CdTe. Due to its special electronic properties, nanocrystals or quantum dots are a promising material for low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell fabrication, Tessler said. The size of a quantum dot is closely related to its light absorption, so the light absorption rate in a solar cell can be improved by changing the size of the quantum dot. However, quantum dots must effectively share electrons, which has been difficult to control. Research at the Israel Institute of Technology has invented a new method to bring charge into quantum dots. Tessler and colleagues generate powerful electric fields in quantum dots by wrapping quantum dots with two different organic molecules.
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Solar power must have higher efficiency and lower cost to compete with fossil fuel power generation. At present , the leading technology of solar energy in silicon-based solar cells , but its high cost hinders the wide application of silicon-based solar cells. Solar cells using inorganic nanocrystals or quantum dots are less expensive, but their conversion efficiency is not high enough.