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This technology was born in the late 1980s. In recent years, due to the impact of energy conservation, environmental protection, and short-cycle production concepts in the automotive industry, this forming technology has attracted widespread attention from all walks of life. Even many people believe that 3D printing is " The sign of the third industrial revolution will bring a whole new revolution to the automotive industry. However, some people still hold opposing attitudes and question whether this technology has brought us a huge industrial bubble.
In fact, these two viewpoints are a bit extreme. The 3D printing with nearly 30 years of development history is not a bubble at all, but it is also not a revolution. It should bring us a smooth transition and long-term reform.
Many people think that 3D printing is a big reason for the bubble. Even if this technology is supported by many countries including China, the actual speed of development is very slow. There are still many technical barriers to be broken.
Take the domestic example as an example, this technology has obtained a considerable amount of policy dividends. For example, as early as 2012, the Ministry of Science and Technology included 3D printing in the 863 plan and established the world's first 3D printing industry alliance. In addition, major top polytechnic colleges and 3D printing companies have also received huge research funding. However, after obtaining so many benefits, the technology did not show its proper market performance. Many conceptual products and parts and components products appeared, and real mass production did not come.
3D printing is indeed an important technological reform, but it is not appropriate to say that it can lead the automotive revolution. The revolution should not merely bring about new manufacturing concepts. It should also be higher production efficiency, lower manufacturing costs, and more secure products, and these are the weaknesses of 3D printing technology.
The first is the issue of production efficiency.
Generally speaking, the production time of a car is about 10 hours under the production of pipelines. However, because it is an assembly line production, each process takes a very small amount of time, and an assembly line can complete the production of hundreds of automobiles at the same time. But even if 3D printing can be used to manufacture a complete vehicle, the time cost is quite large.
For example, 3D printing is more like a centralized production method than the traditional method of discrete automobile manufacturing. The parts of a typical 3D-printed automobile are also dozens of parts, while the parts of a traditional automobile have thousands of parts. Although the number of parts and components is reduced, it seems to reduce the assembly time, but due to the long manufacturing time of individual parts, it is invisible. The use time of a single device is occupied, and the production efficiency is naturally reduced.
Followed by manufacturing costs.
The average vehicle manufacturer's daily production is about 900 vehicles. If 3D printing is required to achieve a considerable throughput, more printers are required. However, the cost of printers used in automobile manufacturing is quite high, generally in the order of hundreds of thousands of dollars each, which does not include the problem of the loss rate.
In addition, now that the automobile production chain is very mature, the cost control of manufacturers has reached the point of excellence. A new production chain is not simply a streamlined problem, but a new manufacturing system. Various resources need to be re-integrated. This is an inestimable increase in manufacturing costs.
The last is security.
The 3D-printed cars that have been introduced so far are hybrid or electric cars. Although the plastics used to make cars are light but have poor strength and there is a risk of burning, for safety reasons, many 3D-printed cars will have built-in steel structural reinforcements.
However, there are not many cars that can really meet the safety requirements. Many manufacturers have avoided collision safety problems more or less. At this stage, 3D printed cars still have a long way to go compared to conventional cars that have accumulated nearly a hundred years of safety experience.
In addition, there are questions about patent ownership.
In today’s piracy and disregard for basic industries, how much can the real basic workers be able to share? 3D printing will have an impact on existing laws, regulations, and systems. Taking into account the special nature of the auto industry, this type of reform will be even more difficult.
If it is not done well, it is possible that like the audiovisual industry in China, benefits can be obtained in the short term, but real innovators will suffer. In the case of China's basic industry talent shortage, the impact of this impact may be It is difficult to measure.
Even if you encounter a variety of problems, this does not prevent 3D printing from becoming a key reform method in the automotive industry. What is lacking most in today's auto manufacturing industry is innovation. In fact, 100-year technology accumulation has also brought about 100 years of technical barriers, breaking traditional technical barriers, and improving old-fashioned manufacturing methods instead of completely replacing them. This is what 3D printing is. Realistic task.
For example, in order to deal with increasingly complex parts, the traditional method is to increase the manufacturing tools, machine tool processing dimensions and machine linkage axis, but this will make the cost and development more and more difficult. The 3D printing method solves this problem very well. It can disperse the three-dimensional part structure into a series of two-dimensional slices, then stack them up, and finally complete the three-dimensional structure molding, which greatly reduces the manufacturing difficulty.
In addition, 3D printing has great help for the mold and foundry industries. In the traditional method, complex shape castings are very dependent on manual technicians, and need to be combined after the sand molds are split and manufactured. At the same time, difficult techniques such as master mold modeling and mold casting are also needed. However, with the use of 3D printing technology, it is possible to manufacture sand molds with higher precision and arbitrary shapes without disassembling, which can reduce production time by approximately half compared with the existing manufacturing methods.
Combining the characteristics of personalization, complexity, and difficulty of 3D printing technology with the scale, mass, and refinement of traditional manufacturing, combined with manufacturing technology, information technology, and material technology, and continuously promoting 3D printing technology in automobiles. The innovation and development of the parts and components industry, breaking the traditional automotive manufacturing barriers, and introducing innovation into the manufacturing industry to seek a more rational and economical manufacturing model is the true meaning of this technology.
It is neither a bubble, but it can be exaggerated to say that it can lead to a new technological revolution.
3D printing is a technique based on a digital model file, using powdered metals or plastics and other adhesive materials to build objects by layer-by-layer printing.